Medically Reviewed by C. Nicole Swiner, MD on November 30, 2022, Written by Annie Stuart
How to Lower Your
Risk
When a blood clot forms in one of your deep veins, it’s
called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This can cause pain and swelling. If the
clot breaks free, it can move through your bloodstream to other parts of your
body. In rare cases, it can even cut off blood flow to your lungs.
DVT is tough to spot. That’s why it’s a good idea to
know what puts you at risk so you can avoid getting it. Here are some things
that raise your chances of DVT:
You’ve had a blood clot. About 30% of people who’ve
had DVT will have it again.
You have a family history of it. If a parent or
sibling had DVT, you’re more at risk. If both of your parents have been
diagnosed, your chances may be even higher.
You’re over age 40. The odds that you’ll get DVT go
up with your age.
You’re on bed rest. The deep veins in the center of
your legs depend on your muscles to force blood back to your lungs and heart.
If your muscles don’t move for a while, blood starts to pool in your lower
legs. This makes it more likely for a clot to form.
You sit for long periods. A common example is when
you sit on a plane for hours at a time. But it can happen in your everyday life
as well. Think of when you sit at your desk to work for long uninterrupted
stretches or to play video games or surf the internet.
You’re a man between 45 and 60. Men have a slightly
higher risk of DVT between these ages. Otherwise, it seems that gender has
little effect on DVT. (Pregnancy can raise risk in women.)
You have certain genes. You can inherit certain
genes, like factor V Leiden, which makes your blood clot more easily. By
themselves, most of these are not enough to raise your risk for DVT. But
combined with other risk factors, they can have an effect.
You’re pregnant or just gave birth. When you’re
expecting a baby, your levels of the female hormone estrogen rise. This causes
your blood to clot more easily. If you take birth control pills or hormone
replacement therapy, your chances of DVT also go up. That’s because many of
these drugs contain estrogen.
Your blood doesn’t clot the way it should. Some
people are born with a blood clotting disorder. This can cause your blood to be
thicker than normal when it moves through your body.
You need to lose weight. The higher your body mass
index (BMI), the greater your risk for DVT. BMI measures how much fat you have
compared to your height and weight. Doctors aren’t sure why, but extra fat
around your belly can stop blood from moving easily through the deep veins.
Obesity also changes the chemical makeup of blood, leads to inflammation, and
puts you at risk for diabetes. All of these make your blood more prone to
clotting.
You have other health issues. People with heart
disease, lung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease are more likely to get
DVT. So are people who have cancer or are going through cancer treatment.
Your vein has been injured. If you badly hurt a
muscle or fractured a bone, the inner lining of a nearby vein could have been
damaged. This makes a clot more likely. Major surgery to your stomach, pelvis,
hip, or leg also makes you more prone to DVT.
How to Lower Your
Risk
You can’t change many of the things that could lead to
DVT. But try these tips to keep your blood moving through your body the way
it should:
Don’t sit for too long. Get up and stretch or walk
around at least every 2 hours. If you’re working or video gaming, set a timer
so you don’t forget. It can also help to move your legs while you’re seated.
Raise and lower your heels while keeping your toes on the floor, or lift your
toes while keeping your heels on the ground.
Get moving as soon as you can after surgery. This
will lower your chances of a blood clot forming. Even doing simple leg lifts in
bed will help keep blood flowing through your veins.
Talk to your doctor. If you think you’re at risk for
DVT, your doctor might advise you to take blood thinners. These are drugs that
help prevent clots. They may also suggest that you wear compression stockings.
These stockings fit tightly around your ankle but become looser as they go up
your leg. They make it harder for blood to pool in your legs.
Plan your travel. If you know you’ll be sitting on a
train, plane, or in a vehicle for a while, stand up often and stretch your
legs. Make sure to wear loose clothing. Drink lots of water and avoid alcohol.
If your body doesn’t have enough fluid, your blood vessels narrow and clots are
more likely to form.
Stay active. Regular exercise lowers your chances of
getting a blood clot. Even walking can help.
Take care of your health. That may mean losing weight
or giving up smoking. If you have heart disease, diabetes, or another chronic
illness, follow your doctor’s orders to manage these health issues.
Sources:
American Venous Forum: “Acute DVT, Chapter 2: Risk Factors
for Venous Thrombosis.”
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons/OrthoInfo: “Deep
Vein Thrombosis.”
Society of Interventional Radiology: “Deep Vein Thrombosis
Overview.”
CDC: “Deep Vein Thromboembolism (Blood Clots).”
Cleveland Clinic: “Blood Clotting Disorders You Can
Inherit,” “Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Prevention.”
University of Connecticut Korey Stringer Institute: “Deep
Vein Thrombosis.”
National Blood Clot Alliance/Stop The Clot: “Women’s
Health,” “Know the Symptoms of DVT and PE.”
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: “How Can Deep
Vein Thrombosis Be Prevented?”
Mayo Clinic: “Deep Vein Thrombosis.”
American Heart Association: “Understand Your Risk for
Excessive Blood Clotting.”
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis: “Obesity and Venous
Thrombosis: A Review.”
CDC: "Deep Vein Thrombosis [DVT] / Pulmonary Embolism
[PE] -- Blood Clot Forming in a Vein, Facts."
Sam Schulman, MD, director, Clinical Thromboembolism
Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton,
Ontario.
Natalie Evans, MD, vascular medicine specialist, Miller
Family Heart and Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
Marc Passman, MD, director, Vein Program, University of
Alabama at Birmingham.
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